Convert ORG to PDF

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ORG vs PDF Format Comparison

Aspect ORG (Source Format) PDF (Target Format)
Format Overview
ORG
Emacs Org-mode

Plain text markup format created for Emacs in 2003. Designed for note-taking, task management, project planning, and literate programming. Features hierarchical structure with collapsible sections, TODO states, scheduling, and code execution.

Emacs Native Literate Programming
PDF
Portable Document Format

Universal document format created by Adobe in 1993. Designed to present documents consistently across all devices and platforms. Now an open ISO standard (ISO 32000). The world's most widely used format for document distribution and printing.

Universal Standard Print Ready
Technical Specifications
Structure: Hierarchical outline with * headers
Encoding: UTF-8
Format: Plain text with markup
Processor: Emacs Org-mode, Pandoc
Extensions: .org
Structure: Page-based layout model
Encoding: Binary (with text streams)
Format: ISO 32000 standard
Processor: Adobe Reader, Chrome, all browsers
Extensions: .pdf
Syntax Examples

Org-mode syntax:

#+TITLE: Technical Report
#+AUTHOR: Engineering Team
#+DATE: January 2024

* Introduction

This document describes *key findings*.

* Methodology

We employed the following approach:

1. Data collection
2. Analysis
3. Validation

#+BEGIN_SRC python
def analyze(data):
    return results
#+END_SRC

PDF output features:

[Professional document layout]

Features included:
- Title page with metadata
- Table of contents
- Page numbers
- Headers and footers
- Formatted code blocks
- Embedded fonts
- Hyperlinks (clickable)
- Bookmarks/outline
- Print-ready layout
Content Support
  • Hierarchical headers with * levels
  • TODO states and task management
  • Scheduling and deadlines
  • Tags and properties
  • Tables with spreadsheet formulas
  • Literate programming (Babel)
  • Code blocks with execution
  • Links and cross-references
  • LaTeX math support
  • Fixed page layout
  • Embedded fonts
  • Vector and raster graphics
  • Hyperlinks and bookmarks
  • Forms and annotations
  • Digital signatures
  • Document encryption
  • Accessibility features
  • Print production settings
  • Color management
Advantages
  • Powerful task management
  • Literate programming support
  • Code execution (40+ languages)
  • Spreadsheet-like tables
  • Agenda and scheduling
  • Deep Emacs integration
  • Extensive customization
  • Universal compatibility
  • Consistent appearance
  • Print-ready output
  • Secure and signable
  • Accessible on any device
  • Preserves exact layout
  • Industry standard
  • Long-term archival (PDF/A)
Disadvantages
  • Requires Emacs for full features
  • Steep learning curve
  • Limited outside Emacs ecosystem
  • Complex syntax for advanced features
  • Less portable than other formats
  • Not easily editable
  • Fixed layout (no reflow)
  • File size can be large
  • No collaborative editing
  • Text extraction can be difficult
Common Uses
  • Personal knowledge management
  • Task and project management
  • Literate programming
  • Research notes
  • Journaling and logging
  • Agenda and scheduling
  • Official documents
  • Reports and proposals
  • eBooks and manuals
  • Legal contracts
  • Academic papers
  • Marketing materials
Best For
  • Emacs users
  • Task management
  • Literate programming
  • Personal notes
  • Document distribution
  • Professional printing
  • Official submissions
  • Archival purposes
Version History
Introduced: 2003 (Carsten Dominik)
Current Version: 9.6+ (2024)
Status: Active development
Primary Tool: GNU Emacs
Introduced: 1993 (Adobe)
ISO Standard: ISO 32000-2:2020
Current Version: PDF 2.0 (2017)
Status: Open standard
Software Support
Emacs: Native support (Org-mode)
Vim/Neovim: org.nvim, vim-orgmode
VS Code: Org Mode extension
Other: Logseq, Obsidian (plugins)
Readers: Adobe Reader, browsers, Preview
Editors: Adobe Acrobat, Foxit, PDF-XChange
Creators: LaTeX, Pandoc, Word, LibreOffice
Mobile: All platforms natively

Why Convert ORG to PDF?

Converting Org-mode documents to PDF creates professional, universally readable documents that can be shared with anyone. PDF is the world's most trusted format for document distribution, ensuring your content looks exactly the same on every device and when printed.

PDF is essential for official communications, reports, and professional deliverables. While Org-mode is powerful for authoring, PDF is the expected format for submitting documents to clients, managers, academic institutions, and government agencies.

The conversion produces high-quality output with proper typography, page layout, and navigation features like bookmarks and clickable table of contents. Code blocks are formatted with appropriate styling, and mathematical formulas are rendered beautifully if your Org document uses LaTeX.

PDF also provides security options for sensitive documents, including password protection and digital signatures. For long-term archival, PDF/A format ensures your documents remain accessible for decades without software compatibility concerns.

Key Benefits of Converting ORG to PDF:

  • Universal Compatibility: Opens on any device, any platform
  • Professional Appearance: Publication-quality typography
  • Print Ready: Exact WYSIWYG printing
  • Consistent Display: Same appearance everywhere
  • Security Features: Password protection, signatures
  • Archival Format: PDF/A for long-term preservation
  • Navigation: Bookmarks, TOC, hyperlinks

Practical Examples

Example 1: Technical Report

Input ORG file (report.org):

#+TITLE: System Architecture Review
#+AUTHOR: DevOps Team
#+DATE: January 2024
#+OPTIONS: toc:t num:t

* Executive Summary

This report analyzes our *current infrastructure*
and proposes /improvements/.

* Current Architecture

** Overview

The system consists of:
- 3 application servers
- 2 database clusters
- Load balancer

** Performance Metrics

| Component | CPU Usage | Memory | Status |
|-----------+-----------+--------+--------|
| App-1     | 45%       | 8GB    | OK     |
| App-2     | 62%       | 12GB   | Watch  |
| DB-1      | 30%       | 32GB   | OK     |

* Recommendations

1. Scale application tier
2. Implement caching
3. Optimize database queries

Output PDF features:

PDF Document Structure:
-----------------------
- Professional title page
- Auto-generated Table of Contents
- Numbered sections (1, 1.1, 1.2...)
- Formatted tables with borders
- Bold and italic text preserved
- Page numbers
- PDF bookmarks for navigation

Ready for:
- Email distribution
- Management presentation
- Print on any printer
- Archive storage

Example 2: Academic Paper

Input ORG file (paper.org):

#+TITLE: Neural Network Optimization
#+AUTHOR: Dr. Research
#+DATE: 2024

* Abstract

We present a novel approach to neural
network optimization using adaptive
learning rates.

* Introduction

Deep learning has revolutionized...

* Methodology

The loss function is defined as:

\begin{equation}
L = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}(y_i - \hat{y}_i)^2
\end{equation}

* Results

#+BEGIN_SRC python
accuracy = model.evaluate(test_data)
print(f"Test accuracy: {accuracy:.4f}")
#+END_SRC

* Conclusion

Our method achieves state-of-the-art...

Output PDF features:

PDF Academic Paper:
-----------------------
- Rendered LaTeX equations
- Properly formatted code blocks
- Professional academic layout
- Ready for journal submission
- Embedded fonts for consistency

Suitable for:
- ArXiv submissions
- Conference papers
- Thesis chapters
- Research reports

Example 3: User Manual

Input ORG file (manual.org):

#+TITLE: Application User Guide
#+AUTHOR: Product Team
#+OPTIONS: toc:2

* Getting Started

** Installation

Download from [[https://example.com/download][our website]].

** First Launch

1. Open the application
2. Click "New Project"
3. Enter project name

#+BEGIN_NOTE
Projects are saved automatically.
#+END_NOTE

* Features

** Dashboard

The dashboard shows:
- Recent projects
- Activity feed
- Quick actions

** Settings

| Setting       | Default | Description        |
|---------------+---------+--------------------|
| Auto-save     | On      | Save every 5 mins  |
| Dark mode     | Off     | UI color scheme    |
| Notifications | On      | Desktop alerts     |

Output PDF features:

PDF User Manual:
-----------------------
- Clickable hyperlinks
- Table of Contents (2 levels)
- Numbered procedures
- Note boxes highlighted
- Settings table formatted
- Professional layout

Perfect for:
- Customer distribution
- Print handouts
- Online documentation
- Support materials

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: Why is PDF the best format for sharing documents?

A: PDF preserves exact formatting across all devices and platforms. Unlike editable formats, PDF ensures your document looks identical whether viewed on Windows, Mac, Linux, or mobile devices. It's also the expected format for professional and official communications.

Q: Will my Org-mode code blocks look good in PDF?

A: Yes, code blocks are converted to monospace-formatted sections with proper indentation. Depending on the conversion settings, syntax highlighting may be applied. The code remains readable and professional in the PDF output.

Q: How are LaTeX equations handled?

A: LaTeX mathematical equations in your Org document are rendered as high-quality graphics in the PDF. This is one of PDF's strengths - mathematical content looks publication-ready with proper symbols and formatting.

Q: Can I get a Table of Contents in the PDF?

A: Yes, if your Org document includes #+OPTIONS: toc:t, a clickable Table of Contents is generated. Additionally, PDF bookmarks are created for easy navigation in PDF readers. You can control the TOC depth with toc:2 or toc:3.

Q: Are hyperlinks preserved in the PDF?

A: Yes, both external URLs and internal cross-references are converted to clickable links in the PDF. Readers can click links to open web pages or jump to referenced sections within the document.

Q: What about Org-mode tables?

A: Tables are converted to properly formatted PDF tables with borders and alignment. The visual structure is preserved, making data easy to read. Spreadsheet formulas won't be functional, but calculated values are shown.

Q: Can I convert PDF back to Org-mode?

A: PDF to Org conversion is possible but limited. PDF is a presentation format that doesn't preserve document structure semantically. While text can be extracted, the hierarchical outline and markup would need manual reconstruction.

Q: Is the PDF suitable for printing?

A: Yes, PDF is specifically designed for print reproduction. The converted document uses appropriate page sizes, margins, and typography for professional printing. For high-quality printing, you may want to use PDF/X settings.