Convert ORG to FB2

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ORG vs FB2 Format Comparison

Aspect ORG (Source Format) FB2 (Target Format)
Format Overview
ORG
Emacs Org-mode

Plain text markup format created for Emacs in 2003. Designed for note-taking, task management, project planning, and literate programming. Features hierarchical structure with collapsible sections, TODO states, scheduling, and code execution.

Emacs Native Literate Programming
FB2
FictionBook 2.0

XML-based e-book format developed in Russia in 2004. Extremely popular in Eastern Europe and Russian-speaking countries. Designed for fiction with rich metadata, semantic structure, and excellent support for annotations and citations.

XML-based Rich Metadata
Technical Specifications
Structure: Hierarchical outline with * headers
Encoding: UTF-8
Format: Plain text with markup
Processor: Emacs Org-mode, Pandoc
Extensions: .org
Structure: XML with defined schema
Encoding: UTF-8
Format: XML document with Base64 images
Processor: FBReader, Calibre, CoolReader
Extensions: .fb2, .fb2.zip
Syntax Examples

Org-mode syntax:

#+TITLE: War and Peace
#+AUTHOR: Leo Tolstoy

* Part One

** Chapter I

"Well, Prince, so Genoa and
Lucca are now just family
estates of the Buonapartes."

She spoke in /French/.

FB2 XML structure:

<FictionBook>
  <description>
    <title-info>
      <book-title>War and Peace</book-title>
      <author>Leo Tolstoy</author>
    </title-info>
  </description>
  <body>
    <section>
      <title>Part One</title>
      <section>
        <title>Chapter I</title>
        <p>"Well, Prince..."</p>
      </section>
    </section>
  </body>
</FictionBook>
Content Support
  • Hierarchical headers with * levels
  • TODO states and task management
  • Scheduling and deadlines
  • Tags and properties
  • Tables with spreadsheet formulas
  • Literate programming (Babel)
  • Code blocks with execution
  • Links and cross-references
  • LaTeX math support
  • Semantic sections and chapters
  • Rich text (bold, italic, strikethrough)
  • Epigraphs and citations
  • Footnotes and annotations
  • Poems with stanza structure
  • Embedded images (Base64)
  • Cover images
  • Author and publisher metadata
  • Series and sequence info
Advantages
  • Powerful task management
  • Literate programming support
  • Code execution (40+ languages)
  • Spreadsheet-like tables
  • Agenda and scheduling
  • Deep Emacs integration
  • Extensive customization
  • Excellent fiction support
  • Rich metadata for libraries
  • Semantic document structure
  • Small file sizes
  • Great annotation support
  • Widely supported in Eastern Europe
  • Perfect for novels and literature
  • Can be compressed (.fb2.zip)
Disadvantages
  • Requires Emacs for full features
  • Steep learning curve
  • Limited outside Emacs ecosystem
  • Complex syntax for advanced features
  • Less portable than other formats
  • Limited support outside Eastern Europe
  • No native Kindle support
  • Complex internal tables
  • No multimedia support
  • Fewer Western reading apps
Common Uses
  • Personal knowledge management
  • Task and project management
  • Literate programming
  • Research notes
  • Journaling and logging
  • Agenda and scheduling
  • Fiction and novels
  • Literature and classics
  • Poetry collections
  • Russian-language e-books
  • Digital libraries
  • Fan fiction distribution
Best For
  • Emacs users
  • Task management
  • Literate programming
  • Personal notes
  • Fiction distribution
  • Russian-speaking readers
  • Digital libraries
  • Novels and literature
Version History
Introduced: 2003 (Carsten Dominik)
Current Version: 9.6+ (2024)
Status: Active development
Primary Tool: GNU Emacs
Introduced: 2004 (Russia)
Current Version: FB2 2.1
Status: Stable, widely used
Origin: Russian e-book community
Software Support
Emacs: Native support (Org-mode)
Vim/Neovim: org.nvim, vim-orgmode
VS Code: Org Mode extension
Other: Logseq, Obsidian (plugins)
Readers: FBReader, CoolReader, Moon+ Reader
Desktop: Calibre, FBReader
PocketBook: Native support
Converters: Calibre, Pandoc, fb2converter

Why Convert ORG to FB2?

Converting Org-mode documents to FB2 format makes your content accessible to millions of readers in Russia and Eastern Europe, where FB2 is the dominant e-book format. If you've written fiction, translated literature, or created content for Russian-speaking audiences, FB2 is essential.

FB2 excels at fiction and literature. The format includes semantic elements specifically designed for novels: epigraphs, citations, poem stanzas, and annotations. When you convert your Org-mode manuscript to FB2, your book gets proper structural markup that readers expect.

The format is widely supported by popular e-readers and apps in the region. FBReader, CoolReader, and PocketBook devices natively read FB2. Many digital libraries and book sharing communities use FB2 as their primary format due to its excellent metadata capabilities.

FB2's rich metadata support is particularly valuable for library organization. You can include detailed information about the book, author, series, sequence number, genre, and more. This metadata helps readers organize large digital libraries effectively.

Key Benefits of Converting ORG to FB2:

  • Eastern European Market: Access millions of readers in Russia and nearby countries
  • Fiction-Optimized: Perfect semantic structure for novels and literature
  • Rich Metadata: Complete author, series, and genre information
  • Small Files: Efficient XML compression with .fb2.zip
  • Library Support: Excellent for digital book collections
  • Annotation Features: Built-in footnotes and citations
  • Wide Reader Support: FBReader, CoolReader, PocketBook native

Practical Examples

Example 1: Novel Structure

Input ORG file (novel.org):

#+TITLE: The Silent Forest
#+AUTHOR: Anna Petrova
#+LANGUAGE: ru

* Part One: The Beginning

** Chapter 1: Morning Mist

The village woke slowly, wrapped in the
morning fog that crept from the forest.

Maria opened her eyes and listened to
the /silence/ that was never truly silent.

** Chapter 2: The Stranger

A figure appeared at the edge of the woods...

Output FB2 structure:

<description>
  <title-info>
    <genre>prose_contemporary</genre>
    <author>Anna Petrova</author>
    <book-title>The Silent Forest</book-title>
    <lang>ru</lang>
  </title-info>
</description>
<body>
  <section><title>Part One: The Beginning</title>
    <section><title>Chapter 1: Morning Mist</title>
      <p>The village woke slowly...</p>
    </section>
  </section>
</body>

Example 2: Poetry Collection

Input ORG file (poems.org):

#+TITLE: Seasons of the Soul
#+AUTHOR: Ivan Smirnov

* Spring

#+BEGIN_VERSE
The snow melts slowly,
Rivers begin to sing,
And hope awakens
With the coming spring.
#+END_VERSE

* Summer

#+BEGIN_VERSE
Golden fields of wheat,
Endless azure sky,
Time moves slow and sweet
As summer days drift by.
#+END_VERSE

Output FB2 poetry structure:

<section>
  <title>Spring</title>
  <poem>
    <stanza>
      <v>The snow melts slowly,</v>
      <v>Rivers begin to sing,</v>
      <v>And hope awakens</v>
      <v>With the coming spring.</v>
    </stanza>
  </poem>
</section>

Example 3: Literature with Annotations

Input ORG file (classic.org):

#+TITLE: Annotated Classic
#+AUTHOR: Original Author

* Chapter One

The protagonist entered the
ancient city of Constantinople[fn:1].

He spoke in Greek[fn:2], the
lingua franca of the East.

* Footnotes

[fn:1] Now Istanbul, Turkey.

[fn:2] Byzantine Greek was the
common language of the Eastern
Roman Empire.

Output FB2 with notes:

<body>
  <section>
    <p>The protagonist entered the
    ancient city of Constantinople
    <a l:href="#n1" type="note">[1]</a>.</p>
  </section>
</body>
<body name="notes">
  <section id="n1">
    <p>Now Istanbul, Turkey.</p>
  </section>
</body>

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: What is FB2 and why is it popular?

A: FB2 (FictionBook 2.0) is an XML-based e-book format developed in Russia in 2004. It's the dominant format in Eastern Europe due to its excellent support for fiction, rich metadata, and small file sizes. Popular readers like FBReader and CoolReader were built around this format.

Q: Can Western e-readers open FB2 files?

A: Most Western e-readers don't natively support FB2. However, you can use Calibre to convert FB2 to EPUB or MOBI. Apps like FBReader are available on all platforms and can read FB2 directly on iOS, Android, and desktop computers.

Q: Will my Org-mode structure be preserved?

A: Yes, the hierarchical structure translates well to FB2. Org headings become FB2 sections, and the nesting is preserved. FB2's semantic structure is particularly suited for novels with parts, chapters, and scenes.

Q: What about footnotes and annotations?

A: Org-mode footnotes are converted to FB2 notes, which appear in a separate notes body. Readers like FBReader display these as popup annotations when tapped, providing an excellent reading experience for annotated texts.

Q: Are images included in the FB2?

A: Yes, images are embedded in the FB2 file as Base64-encoded binary data. This makes FB2 self-contained with no external dependencies. Cover images are also supported and displayed by most readers.

Q: What's the difference between .fb2 and .fb2.zip?

A: FB2.zip is simply an FB2 file compressed with ZIP. Since FB2 is XML (text), compression is very effective, often reducing file size by 70-80%. Most FB2 readers handle both formats equally well.

Q: Can I convert FB2 to other formats later?

A: Absolutely. Calibre can convert FB2 to EPUB, MOBI, PDF, and many other formats. The semantic structure of FB2 is preserved well during conversion, making it a good intermediate format for distribution.

Q: Is FB2 good for technical documentation?

A: FB2 was designed primarily for fiction and may not be ideal for technical documentation. It lacks features like code block syntax highlighting and complex table support. For technical content, consider EPUB3 or HTML instead.